阿斯汤伽掌门人谈练习瑜伽的核心是什么

After wrapping his 2017 US tour, 

Sharath Jois tells us where to find the proper ingredients for a true yoga practice.

在掌门人结束2017美国行之际

（他参加了YOGA & SCIENCE的研讨会）

他告诉我们真正的瑜伽是的核心是什么

When pizza was very new to India, some companies wanted to market themselves to get business, so they created a newpizza called “Gobi Manchurian Pizza.” We were very interested, so we ordered one to our house. It was a regular pizza with pieces of Gobi Manchurian, a Chinese dish, on top. Many people bought it. It was new and different and tasty, but it wasn’t healthy. Similarly, this is how yoga has become: Tasty and attractive, but not healthy.

当披萨刚被引进到印度的时候，一些公司为了抢占市场，创造了一种新的披萨叫“GobiManchurian Pizza”。我们觉得新鲜有趣，就订了一个送到家里。结果它就是一个很普通的披萨带着几颗花菜，上面像道中国菜。当时有人很多都去买来吃，因为它很特别，口味也不错，但其实它并不健康。同样的，这也是现在的瑜伽市场：有趣，引人注目，但是不健康。

Today, there are so many styles of yoga. People put their surname in front of the word yoga and invent a new style. They hope to get many followers. They create so many videos, but it’s like junk food. It’s tasty, it looks good, but it’s not healthy. People look at these styles as yoga, they try them, and think they are doing yoga, but they are not.

现在的瑜伽发展出很多流派。为了拥有更多追随者，有些人把自己的名字放在瑜伽一词的前面，这样就发展出一个新的流派。他们做了很多视频推广，但是这样的流派就像是垃圾食品，好像很可口，卖相也不错，但是一点不健康。人们以为练习这样流派的，就是在练习瑜伽，其实并不是。

Ashtanga yoga is not a style of yoga. It is a method to explore something far more than handstands. Many people see handstand and leg-behind-the-head and think that is what Ashtanga yoga is. ButAshtanga yoga is a method to experience what yoga is, to understand who we are,how to be more responsible, how to live in this world as better people. Ashtanga yoga is a method.

 阿斯汤加不是一种瑜伽风格。练习阿斯汤加绝不是为了能够手倒立，它其实一种帮助你发掘内在的练习方式。很多人看到手倒立，脚缠头，以为那就是阿斯汤加。其实练习阿斯汤加，是为了让我们体验真正的瑜伽是什么，去了解我们是谁，让我们更有担当，让我们在这个世上成为更好的人。这才是练习阿斯汤加的目的。

I’ve said this many times, but students need to be reminded of the fundamentals of Ashtanga yoga: the yamas andniyamas. They are the key ingredients to establishing and practicing yoga. It’s like making a dish from a recipe: You need these ingredients or else it won’t work, and you won’t be doing yoga.

我已经说过很多次，阿斯汤加的根本是持戒和精进，我希望学生们都能铭记这点。因为这两支是建立和练习瑜伽的关键。就像烹饪一样，没有材料就炒不出菜，缺失了持戒和精进，也就练不好瑜伽。

The Ashtanga method has eight limbs. The first four are the external pillars: yama, niyama, asana, and pranayama. Yama has sublimbs, which are ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya, aparigraha. The niyama sublimbs are saucha, santosha, tapas, svadhyaya, Ishvara pranidhana.These are all very important ingredients essential for our spiritual journey.If you want to get deeper in your practice, these ingredients are indispensable. Without these ingredients, you will never understand yoga. You will live your entire life missing out and thinking yoga is what flexible people do in photographs and videos like leg-behind-the-head and handstands. It’s attractive, it makes for a nice photo, but it is not yoga.

阿斯汤加的练习有八支。前面四支是外在的练习: 持戒，精进，体式和呼吸控制法。其中，持戒有五个分支:不伤害，不说谎，不偷盗，不纵欲和不贪婪。精进也有五个分支: 洁净，知足，纪律，读圣贤书，以及敬神。这些都是我们踏上灵性成长之路非常重要的基础。如果你想练习更有深度，这两支都是不可缺失的。如果你不练习这两支，那你将永远无法真正的明白瑜伽是什么，且此生都与瑜伽的真谛无缘，你会一直以为瑜伽就是那些在照片和视频里身体很软的人练的东西，比如脚缠头和手倒立。他们看上去很炫，照片很美，但那不是瑜伽。

The remaining four limbs—pratyahara,dharana, dhyana, and samadhi—are internal practices. Once the first four limbs are established, the other four will automatically happen. You don’t have to try, they will automatically happen. Of course, these are higher, more subtlelevels of yoga. To achieve these, you have to get rid of many patterns, attachments, dispositions, many things.

剩下的四支——制感，专注，冥想，三摩地，是关于内在的练习。一旦打好了前面四支的基础，后面这四支自然而然会发生。当然，这是更高层次，更精微的瑜伽练习。而想要达到这样的层级，你需要抛弃固有的模式，执念，不良的情绪等等。

This will be a life-long practice and thereal transformation happens once one is educated in all the limbs. Without understanding yoga through proper education, it is impossible to understand what yoga is. Yet what is meant by education here is the practice, putting theory into practice,not necessarily a formal education.

这些都将是持续一生的练习，而只有当这八支都练好了，真正的转变才会发生。如果没有正确的教导，很难去领悟瑜伽的内涵。这里说的教导就是练习，带入瑜伽哲学的练习，而不是普通的受教育。

My grandfather, Sri K. Pattabhi Jois, used to always say “99% practice, 1% theory,” but oftentimes, people got this wrong.They practiced asana from morning until evening. What he meant was to practice the theory, the yamas and niyamas, all the time. To do this, you don’t sit around and read about it in books, you have to live it. Can you expect to calm the mind by reading citta vritti nirodha (the second sutra of the Yoga Sutras)?Simply reading it, even a thousand times, won’t make it happen, and it will probably do just the opposite. Yoga theory must be put into practice all the time. Only when you apply all the things in your daily life will citta vritti nirodha happen.

我的外公，Sri K. Pattabhi Jois， 曾经总说 “百分之九十九的练习，百分之一的理论。”很多时候，大家都没有正确理解这句话，他们就一味的从早到晚的练习体式。其实，我外公这里说的练习不是指体式，而是指瑜伽哲学，应该是从早到晚练习持戒和精进。然而这些不是你坐着看书就能学会的，是要去实践它。你觉得光靠读citta vritti nirodha(瑜伽经的第二句经文）就可以约束心灵的变化吗？即使读了千万遍，只要不去实践它，就无法做到它，有时候还可能适得其反。瑜伽哲学必须从始至终贯穿于练习之中，只有当你把瑜伽哲学融入到日常生活中，citta vritti nirodha才会发生。

For us, however, what is important is to be calm everyday, to have a peaceful life everyday. This is what we are focusing on. Someone can be very famous one day and then the next fall out of favor.Asana will come and go, money will come and go, fame will come and go. What we have to do is keep ourselves calm, steady and stable. This is what asana gives us.

对于我们而言，最重要的是每天都保持内心平静。有些人可能某天突然红了，但没多久就又过气了。体式，钱财，名誉这些都会来来去去。我们需要做的是保持内心平静与稳定。练习体式就是为了获得这样的平静。

How many of you can sit still in one place for long periods of time having control of your mind? To bring the vrittis, orthe fluctuations of the mind under control you must have stability found in apractice. This is the method to gain equanimity. Samatvam yoga uchyate. Samtvamis calmness, balance, equanimity. This is what yoga is. It is a life long practice of key ingredients for the entirety of your life. The proper fundamentals will help the stability grow, and thus, the yoga to happen. If it can happen to me, it can happen to you. We are not different. It takes a firm, positive outlook. Yoga can happen to anyone when we put in the proper ingredients.

有多少人可以很长时间的坐在一个地方，控制着自己的心智？你必须要在练习之中有稳定的根基，才能控制心智的波动。这就是获得平静的方式。Samatvam yoga uchyate. Samatvam 是安宁，平衡，平静。这就是瑜伽的目标。瑜伽是生命中很重要的一部分，需要用一生去练习。建立良好的基础有助于根基稳定性的提高，这样，真正的瑜伽才有可能发生。如果在我身上能发生，那在你身上也有可能发生，我们是一样的。你要坚定的相信他最终会发生在你身上。瑜伽可以发生在任何人的身上，只要我们用对了方式。

By R. Sharath Jois

Published on May 31, 2017 

2017年5月31日出版

文字来源：Sonima

翻译: Brook

Soham 索哈姆瑜伽

Spiritual- Oneness- Harmony- Awareness- Meditation

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